Monday 23 August 2010

Smart material control valves


Tancio suggested we could somehow incorporate smart materials into our control system for the adsorption refrigeration cycle.

Smart materials have special properties which cause them to undergo some specific change when induced to external stimuli.

Referring back to the idea of the termite ventilation system (where natural buoyancy forces are cleverly manipulated by dynamically opening/closing ducts to control the flow of air through the system at the correct rates to maintain the required temperatures.

Designing such a system would firstly require a thorough understanding of the thermodynamic principles of this complex system which may require computer modelling.

In any case, we would require some form of actuator to open and close the ducts. Since it may be difficult to hire an army of termites to do this for us, in our case we may be able to use smart materials our actuators.

Dielectric Elastomers (DE) and Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are particular smart materials which may be useful for this application as they expand when induced to an electric current and heat respectively. They could therefore be used as air flow control valves by using their expansion process to constrict or open ducts as required.

If we need a valve which opens with an increase in temperature/ applied electrical current this may be achieved as follows:
Alternatively if we need a valve which closes with an increase in temperature / applied electrical current this could simply be achieved by expanding inside the duct to constrict/block the flow of air.

Dielectric Elastomers

DE valves could be controlled by a microprocessor with inputs from temperature sensors at critical points in the system as originally proposed. This would require an electrical connection between the microprocessor and each of the DE valves which would add to the complexity of the system but could still be possible.

Shape Memory Alloys

SMA valves could be controlled by directly responding to the temperature of their locality. In this case maybe the SMA valves would work like logic gates in an electric circuit, taking air intake temperature as the inputs and the critical cold store temperature as the desired output.

Although this may be extremely complex to design and build initially but such a system would theoretically be completely electric free.

Alternatively the SMA valves could be controlled by electric heating elements via microprocessor system as explained above.


In any case the advantage of using smart materials instead of conventional valves (e.g solenoid) would be:
  1. No mechanically moving parts so could be more robust, reliable and longer lasting
  2. Could be made in much smaller dimensions.
  3. Could easily be made to any customised size as required, whereas conventional valves are usually only manufactured to standard sizes.
  4. Could be much cheaper

2 comments:

  1. It is a interesting posts. It would be great if you can provide more details about it.
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  2. It’s really a nice and helpful piece of info. I’m happy that you shared this useful information with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.

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